Early CPR is one of the most important factors in improving survival rates following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
However, research has shown that there is a significant difference in the likelihood of bystanders performing CPR depending on whether the casualty is male or female.
Understanding this disparity highlights the importance of education, awareness and confidence when responding to an emergency.
What Does the Research Show?
Several large-scale studies have identified a difference in bystander intervention rates between males and females experiencing cardiac arrest in public.
Research published in medical journals has found that:
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Men are more likely to receive bystander CPR in public settings
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Women are less likely to receive CPR before emergency services arrive
In some studies, women were shown to be up to 20% less likely to receive CPR in public compared to men.
This gap in intervention can have a direct impact on survival outcomes.
Does This Difference Exist Everywhere?
Interestingly, this disparity is most noticeable in public settings.
In private environments, such as at home, the difference in CPR intervention rates between males and females is significantly reduced.
This suggests that hesitation to act may be influenced by environmental or social factors rather than capability.
Why Might This Happen?
Surveys of bystanders and members of the public have identified several possible reasons for hesitation, including:
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Fear of causing physical injury
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Concern about performing CPR incorrectly
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Lack of confidence
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Uncertainty about hand placement
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Concerns about inappropriate contact in a public setting
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Worry about legal or social consequences
These concerns may delay or prevent intervention during a critical emergency.
Why Early CPR Is So Important
Cardiac arrest can lead to irreversible brain injury within minutes if oxygen is not delivered to vital organs.
Immediate bystander CPR can:
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Double or even triple survival rates
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Maintain blood flow until emergency services arrive
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Improve neurological outcomes
Delays in intervention reduce the likelihood of survival.
How Training Can Help
One of the most effective ways to reduce hesitation in an emergency is through accredited training.
Proper First Aid training helps individuals to:
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Understand correct CPR technique
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Build confidence
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Act within the limits of their training
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Respond appropriately regardless of casualty demographics
Training removes uncertainty and promotes timely action when it matters most.
Supporting Confidence to Act
Workplace First Aiders and trained members of the public play a vital role in emergency response.
Increasing awareness of this issue and promoting effective training can help ensure that all individuals receive prompt assistance when experiencing cardiac arrest.